AAMC FL Practice Exam

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Study for the AAMC FL Exam. Prepare with comprehensive flashcards and multiple-choice questions, each equipped with hints and explanations. Gear up for your medical school entrance exam!

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Which hormone is known to increase water retention at the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) and collecting duct (CD)?

Aldosterone
Insulin
Glucagon
Adrenaline

The correct answer is: Aldosterone

The hormone that is known to increase water retention at the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) and collecting duct (CD) is aldosterone. This hormone, produced by the adrenal cortex, primarily regulates sodium reabsorption in the kidneys. When aldosterone levels rise, it promotes the reabsorption of sodium, which in turn enhances water retention due to osmotic processes. This mechanism helps to balance fluid levels and maintain blood pressure. Aldosterone's action is crucial in the context of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, particularly during states of low blood volume or low blood pressure. By facilitating sodium reabsorption at the DCT and CD, aldosterone effectively increases water retention, contributing to the overall regulation of body fluids. The other hormones listed do not primarily serve the role of increasing water retention in the kidneys. Insulin and glucagon are involved in glucose metabolism, while adrenaline (epinephrine) primarily prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses and does not directly impact water retention in the same manner as aldosterone.