AAMC FL Practice Exam

What is conservation, as understood in cognitive development?

1. The ability to understand numeric values

2. The understanding that quantity remains the same despite changes in shape

3. The ability to reflect on one's thoughts and actions

4. The capacity for moral reasoning

The correct answer is: The understanding that quantity remains the same despite changes in shape

Conservation, in the context of cognitive development, specifically refers to the understanding that quantity remains constant despite alterations in shape or appearance. This concept was notably studied by Jean Piaget, who demonstrated that young children might perceive differences in shape or size and assume that those changes reflect a change in amount. For instance, if water is poured from a short, wide glass into a tall, thin glass, a child who has not yet mastered the concept of conservation might incorrectly assert that the taller glass holds more water, despite the fact that the quantity remains unchanged. Mastering conservation is a significant developmental milestone, typically achieved during the concrete operational stage of cognitive development, as it reflects a deeper understanding of physical properties and logical thinking.