AAMC FL Practice Exam

What function does a protease enzyme serve?

1. To catalyze DNA synthesis

2. To hydrolyze peptide bonds

3. To increase blood flow

4. To promote transcription

The correct answer is: To hydrolyze peptide bonds

A protease enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of peptide bonds, which are the links that connect amino acids in a protein. By breaking these bonds, proteases play a crucial role in various biological processes, such as digestion, cellular regulation, and protein turnover. This activity allows for the breakdown of proteins into smaller peptides or amino acids, which can be utilized by the body for various functions, including energy production and the synthesis of new proteins. In contrast to the other options, a protease does not catalyze DNA synthesis, increase blood flow, or promote transcription. DNA synthesis involves different types of enzymes called DNA polymerases. Increasing blood flow is typically related to the action of vasodilators and is not a function of proteases. Transcription, which involves the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template, is primarily facilitated by RNA polymerases. Hence, the hydrolization of peptide bonds is the distinctive function that clearly defines a protease's role within biological systems.